According to the Companion Animal Parasite Council, thousands of dogs test positive for Lyme disease and other tick-borne illnesses yearly. With warmer weather, tick populations rise, increasing the risk of infection. As April is Lyme Disease Prevention Month, it’s essential to understand this disease and how to keep our pets safe. Continue reading to learn about Lyme disease and how to protect your pets from Lyme disease.
What is Lyme Disease?
Lyme disease is caused by the bacterium Borrelia burgdorferi, which is transmitted through the bite of an infected black-legged tick (deer tick). The disease can cause significant discomfort and long-term health complications in dogs.
Where is Lyme Disease Common?
While Lyme disease has been reported across the U.S., it is most prevalent in wooded and rural areas. The highest concentration of cases occurs in the Northeast, the Upper Midwest, and parts of the Pacific Coast. However, with climate changes and increased tick populations, cases are now emerging in previously considered low-risk regions.
How Do Ticks Spread Lyme Disease?
Ticks have a complex life cycle. They typically become infected with Borrelia burgdorferi when feeding on infected wildlife, such as mice or deer. Once infected, they can transmit the bacteria to dogs (and humans) through their bite. Transmission usually occurs after the tick has been attached for at least 48 hours. Removing ticks promptly reduces the risk of infection.
Symptoms of Lyme Disease in Dogs
Symptoms of Lyme disease can take weeks or even months to appear. They may include lameness or shifting leg pain, fever (103-105ºF), swollen lymph nodes, joint inflammation, lethargy and loss of appetite, stiffness or difficulty walking, sensitivity to touch, and breathing difficulties. In severe cases, Lyme disease can lead to kidney disease, heart complications, or neurological disorders. If your pet exhibits any of these symptoms, consult a veterinarian immediately.
Diagnosis and Testing
Veterinarians diagnose Lyme disease based on symptoms, history of tick exposure, and blood tests. Diagnostic options include the SNAP Test, a quick in-clinic test that detects antibodies for Lyme disease and other tick-borne illnesses, and the Quantitative C6 Antibody Test (QC6), which measures antibody levels to determine the severity of infection. If kidney or heart complications are suspected, additional testing is also done, and further diagnostic work may be needed.
Treatment Options
Treatment typically involves a course of antibiotics, most commonly doxycycline, for 28 to 30 days. Pain relievers or anti-inflammatory medications may be prescribed for joint discomfort. While many dogs improve rapidly, relapses can occur, so ongoing monitoring is crucial.
Preventing Lyme Disease in Dogs
Prevention is the best way to protect pets from Lyme disease. One way to prevent Lyme disease is to use tick preventatives. These are monthly flea and tick preventatives that are highly effective. Options include oral medications, topical treatments, and tick-repelling collars. Consult your veterinarian to choose the best preventative for your dog’s needs. In addition to preventatives, you should check for ticks daily, avoid high-risk areas and maintain a tick-free yard. It’s crucial to inspect your pet, especially after outdoor activities. Pay close attention to the ears, underbelly, paws, and around the collar, and promptly remove any ticks using fine-tipped tweezers, ensuring the head is also extracted. Be sure to keep pets away from tall grass and, dense woods and brush where ticks thrive. Instead, stick to trails when hiking with your dog. Keep the grass trimmed short to maintain a tick-free yard, remove leaf litter and use pet-safe tick control treatments in your yard if necessary. If you want to be extra secure, consider vaccinations. A Lyme disease vaccine is available for dogs in high-risk areas. Discuss with your vet whether vaccination is a suitable preventive measure for you.
Lastly, if you can, save the ticks you find on your pets. You can save it in a sealed container with alcohol and bring it to your vet for identification and potential testing. Knowing the health of ticks in the area can help vets and other pet owners take the necessary actions to keep the community safe.
Early Detection is Key
Knowing how to protect your pets from Lyme disease can be lifesaving. If you suspect your pet has been exposed to Lyme disease, seek veterinary care promptly. Quick removal of ticks and early treatment can prevent serious complications. By taking preventive measures, pet owners can significantly reduce the risk of Lyme disease and keep their furry companions healthy and happy year-round.
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